When is a raised rivet generally used in aircraft construction?

In aircraft construction, a raised rivet is generally used in applications where aerodynamic smoothness is not a major factor. This is because a raised rivet, by its design, protrudes from the surface of the material, creating a surface irregularity that can disrupt airflow. As such, it is more suitable for internal structures, assembly joints, or areas of the aircraft where aerodynamic efficiency is less critical.

On the other hand, in areas where aerodynamic smoothness is imperative, such as leading edges of wings or fuselage surfaces, flush rivets are preferred because they minimize drag and improve airflow over the aircraft's surface. Therefore, the decision to use raised rivets often depends on the specific functional requirements and structural demands of the component being constructed.